{"id":369,"date":"2017-11-21T17:32:10","date_gmt":"2017-11-21T16:32:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.purkynuvfond.cz\/?page_id=369\/"},"modified":"2020-03-24T11:34:25","modified_gmt":"2020-03-24T10:34:25","slug":"rozhovor-s-mudr-dagmar-mysikovou","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.purkynuvfond.cz\/vitezne-prace\/rozhovor-s-mudr-dagmar-mysikovou\/","title":{"rendered":"Ro\u010dn\u00edk 2017"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u00edt\u011bz\u00a0Ocen\u011bn\u00ed publikace v\u00a0\u010dasopise s\u00a0nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm impact\u00a0factorem za rok 2017 v kategorii intern\u00ed obory<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Doc. MUDr. Petr Szturz<\/strong>, Ph.D.<\/strong>
\n<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Koment\u00e1\u0159 ke \u010dl\u00e1nku\u00a0Szturz P, et al.\u00a0How Standard Is Second-Line Cetuximab in Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer in 2017? <\/a>J <\/a>Clin Oncol<\/a>. 2017 Jul 10;35(20):2229\u20132231<\/a>.<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Dla\u017edicobun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1dory hlavy a krku pat\u0159\u00ed mezi \u010dast\u00e9 onkologick\u00e9 diagn\u00f3zy. Celosv\u011btov\u011b je ka\u017ed\u00fdm rokem diagnostikov\u00e1no v\u00edce ne\u017e 600 tis. nov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f. V\u00a0patogenezi onemocn\u011bn\u00ed jsou rozezn\u00e1v\u00e1ny t\u0159i hlavn\u00ed rizikov\u00e9 faktory, konzumace alkoholu, kou\u0159en\u00ed cigaret a infekce lidsk\u00fdm papilomavirem (human papillomavirus, HPV), kter\u00e1 je spojov\u00e1na s\u00a0n\u00e1dory v\u00a0oblasti orofaryngu. B\u011bhem\u00a0posledn\u00edch t\u0159ech dek\u00e1d do\u0161lo v\u00a0ekonomicky vysp\u011bl\u00fdch zem\u00edch ke znateln\u00e9mu n\u00e1r\u016fstu po\u010dtu HPV-pozitivn\u00edch karcinom\u016f orofaryngu, kter\u00fd postihuje typicky mlad\u0161\u00ed pacienty, zejm\u00e9na mu\u017ee. Tato skupina onemocn\u011bn\u00ed je nyn\u00ed ji\u017e vn\u00edm\u00e1na jako samostatn\u00e1 klinick\u00e1 jednotka s\u00a0odli\u0161nou patogenez\u00ed a v\u00fdrazn\u011b lep\u0161\u00ed progn\u00f3zou ne\u017e maj\u00ed HPV negativn\u00ed n\u00e1dory orofaryngu, ale i ostatn\u00ed podskupiny n\u00e1dor\u016f hlavy a krku postihuj\u00edc\u00ed dutinu \u00fastn\u00ed, hrtan \u010di hypofarynx.<\/p>\n

Jednou z\u00a0nejpal\u010div\u011bj\u0161\u00edch ot\u00e1zek sou\u010dasn\u00e9 klinick\u00e9 onkologie je nalezen\u00ed spolehliv\u00fdch prediktivn\u00edch ukazatel\u016f, kter\u00e9 pod\u00e1vaj\u00ed informaci o tom, zda je dan\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010dba u pacient\u016f \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1. Prediktivn\u00ed faktory tak maj\u00ed zcela z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdznam nejen pro samotn\u00e9 pacienty, nebo\u0165 v\u00fdznamn\u011b zvy\u0161uj\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost l\u00e9\u010debn\u00e9ho \u00fasp\u011bchu, ale i pro syst\u00e9m zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de.<\/p>\n

Mo\u017enost vyu\u017e\u00edt HPV jako prediktivn\u00ed faktor bylo t\u00e9matem na\u0161eho \u010dl\u00e1nku publikovan\u00e9ho v\u00a0\u010dasopisu Journal of Clinical Oncology (Szturz P, et al. J Clin Oncol 2017;35:2229-2231). Pr\u00e1ce se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 skupinou rekurentn\u00edch a\/nebo metastatick\u00fdch karcinom\u016f hlavy a krku l\u00e9\u010den\u00fdch v\u00a0druh\u00e9 linii prepar\u00e1ty c\u00edlen\u00fdmi proti receptoru pro epiderm\u00e1ln\u00ed r\u016fstov\u00fd faktor (epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR), jako je nap\u0159. cetuximab. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b retrospektivn\u00ed anal\u00fdzy \u010dty\u0159 studi\u00ed f\u00e1ze II-III jsme zjistili, \u017ee l\u00e9\u010debn\u00e9 odpov\u011bdi byly zaznamen\u00e1ny t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u00fdhradn\u011b u pacient\u016f s HPV-negativn\u00edmi tumory, nikoli v\u0161ak u HPV-pozitivn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f. Toto zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed m\u00e1 v\u00fdznam zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0souvislosti s t\u00edm, \u017ee l\u00e9\u010dba cetuximabem v\u00a0druh\u00e9 linii u rekurentn\u00edch a\/nebo metastatick\u00fdch n\u00e1dor\u016f hlavy a krku je v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch zem\u00edch, v\u010detn\u011b Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, schv\u00e1lena, a to bez ohledu na HPV status. V\u00fdsledky na\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1ce, kter\u00e9 bude nutn\u00e9 je\u0161t\u011b ov\u011b\u0159it v\u00a0samostatn\u00e9 klinick\u00e9 studii, tak do budoucna p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed ke zkvalitn\u011bn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de o onkologick\u00e9 pacienty a zefektivn\u011bn\u00ed alokace zdroj\u016f ve zdravotnictv\u00ed, nebo\u0165 pom\u00e1haj\u00ed ur\u010dit pacienty, pro kter\u00e9 je v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e1 protin\u00e1dorov\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010dba skute\u010dn\u011b p\u0159\u00ednosn\u00e1.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

V\u00edt\u011bz\u00a0Ocen\u011bn\u00ed publikace v\u00a0\u010dasopise s\u00a0nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm impact\u00a0factorem za rok 2017 v kategorii teoretick\u00e9 obory<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

MUDr. <\/strong>Mgr. V\u00edt Hubka, Ph.D.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Koment\u00e1\u0159 ke \u010dl\u00e1nku\u00a0Phylogeny of xerophilic aspergilli (subgenus Aspergillus<\/em>) and taxonomic revision of section Restricti<\/em>. <\/a>Studies in Mycology<\/em><\/a> 88: 161\u2013236<\/a>.<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Xerofiln\u00ed z\u00e1stupci rodu <\/span>Aspergillus<\/i> jsou mikroskopick\u00e9 houby, kter\u00e9 os\u00eddluj\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed s nedostatkem vody (substr\u00e1ty s n\u00edzkou vodn\u00ed aktivitou), a maj\u00ed nezanedbateln\u00fd ekonomick\u00fd v\u00fdznam. Tyto houby p\u016fsob\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 \u0161kody na uskladn\u011bn\u00fdch potravin\u00e1ch a krmivu, ni\u010d\u00ed um\u011bleck\u00e1 d\u00edla (zejm\u00e9na obrazy), knihy, archivn\u00ed materi\u00e1ly, herb\u00e1\u0159ov\u00e9 polo\u017eky, textilie, optick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstroje, participuj\u00ed na probl\u00e9mech s kvalitou ovzdu\u0161\u00ed v budov\u00e1ch (sick building syndrom, alergick\u00e9 reakce) a zahrnuj\u00ed t\u00e9\u017e n\u011bkter\u00e9 p\u016fvodce <\/span>oportunn\u00edch infekc\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka. Recentn\u00ed studie uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee zejm\u00e9na z\u00e1stupci sekce <\/span>Restricti <\/i>jsou t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 celosv\u011btov\u011b nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi houbami p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdmi v prachu v dom\u00e1cnostech, p\u0159esto\u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o velmi m\u00e1lo zn\u00e1m\u00e9 organismy, kter\u00e9 b\u00fdvaj\u00ed \u010dasto p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017eeny kv\u016fli specifick\u00fdm n\u00e1rok\u016fm na jejich kultivaci. Podobn\u011b i fylogeneze a taxonomie t\u011bchto mikroorganism\u016f zaost\u00e1vala za ostatn\u00edmi ekonomicky v\u00fdznamn\u00fdmi houbami. Tato studie si tedy d\u00e1vala za c\u00edl podat ucelen\u00fd obraz o ekologii a <\/span>fylogenezi t\u00e9to skupiny, a revidovat druhov\u00fd koncept t\u011bchto organism\u016f. <\/span>\u0158ada d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed jako substr\u00e1tov\u00e1 <\/span>specifita, produkce <\/span>mykotoxin\u016f, \u010di patogenn\u00ed potenci\u00e1l je u hub v\u00e1z\u00e1na na \u00farove\u0148 druhu, a proto m\u00e1 taxonomie nepostradateln\u00fd v\u00fdznam pro pochopen\u00ed biologie t\u011bchto organism\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Na studii se pod\u00edlelo celkem 16 autor\u016f z dev\u00edti zem\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed spolupracovali na d\u00edl\u010d\u00edch anal\u00fdz\u00e1ch a shrom\u00e1\u017edili n\u011bkolik stovek izol\u00e1t\u016f ze \u010dty\u0159 kontinent\u016f a tak\u00e9 vzorky prachu z dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed pro environment\u00e1ln\u00ed sekvenov\u00e1n\u00ed. Pr\u00e1ce uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee fylogeneze rozd\u011bluje xerofiln\u00ed druhy Aspergillus <\/i>do dvou hlavn\u00edch podskupin, kter\u00e9 se li\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm reproduk\u010dn\u00ed strategi\u00ed a produkc\u00ed sekund\u00e1rn\u00edch metabolit\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b mykotoxin\u016f. K nalezen\u00ed druhov\u00fdch hranic byly pou\u017eity jak tradi\u010dn\u00ed taxonomick\u00e9 metody (klasick\u00e1 fylogeneze zalo\u017een\u00e1 na DNA datech, anal\u00fdza fenotypu a fyziologie), tak i modern\u00ed fylogenetick\u00e9 metody zalo\u017een\u00e9 na modelu mnohodruhov\u00e9 koalescence. Inovativn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edstupem bylo i zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fstu hub v teplotn\u011b-osmotick\u00e9m gradientu, co\u017e u t\u011bchto morfologicky chud\u00fdch organism\u016f odhalilo druhov\u011b specifick\u00e9 r\u016fstov\u00e9 n\u00e1roky. Pomoc\u00ed tohoto polyf\u00e1zick\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu se poda\u0159ilo v sekci Restricti <\/i>potvrdit platnost 7 existuj\u00edc\u00edch druh\u016f a popsat celkem 14 nov\u00fdch druh\u016f Aspergillus<\/i>. Bylo objasn\u011bno, kter\u00e9 druhy jsou v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 z hlediska potravin\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, znehodnocov\u00e1n\u00ed um\u011bleck\u00fdch d\u011bl, v\u00fdskytu v prachu (alergenn\u00ed potenci\u00e1l) a klinick\u00e9m materi\u00e1lu. U n\u011bkolika druh\u016f byla nov\u011b prok\u00e1z\u00e1na produkce mykotoxin\u016f. Studie environment\u00e1ln\u00edch vzork\u016f z dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee v\u00fdskyt n\u011bkter\u00fdch druh\u016f je geograficky omezen\u00fd, kde\u017eto jin\u00e9 jsou kosmopolitn\u00ed. A stejn\u00e1 metoda tak\u00e9 odhalila p\u0159\u00edtomnost n\u011bkolika zat\u00edm nepopsan\u00fdch lini\u00ed, kter\u00e9 dosud nebyly kultivov\u00e1ny a taxonomicky pops\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n

Studie tedy p\u0159inesla nov\u00fd a ucelen\u00fd pohled na biologii a taxonomii t\u00e9to nepr\u00e1vem opom\u00edjen\u00e9 skupiny mikroskopick\u00fdch hub a nastavila nov\u00fd standard pro taxonomicku pr\u00e1ci s xerofiln\u00edmi houbami. V\u011bt\u0161ina dat a anal\u00fdz byla sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed diplomov\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce Mgr. Franti\u0161ka Sklen\u00e1\u0159e z P\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdeck\u00e9 Fakulty UK (\u0161kolitel V\u00edt Hubka).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u00edt\u011bz\u00a0Ocen\u011bn\u00ed publikace v\u00a0\u010dasopise s\u00a0nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm impact\u00a0factorem za rok 2017 v kategorii intern\u00ed obory Doc. MUDr. Petr Szturz, Ph.D. Koment\u00e1\u0159 ke \u010dl\u00e1nku\u00a0Szturz P, et al.\u00a0How Standard Is Second-Line Cetuximab in Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer in 2017? J Clin Oncol. 2017 Jul 10;35(20):2229\u20132231. Dla\u017edicobun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1dory hlavy a krku pat\u0159\u00ed mezi \u010dast\u00e9 onkologick\u00e9 diagn\u00f3zy. Celosv\u011btov\u011b je […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":49,"menu_order":63,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-369","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.purkynuvfond.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/pages\/369","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.purkynuvfond.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.purkynuvfond.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.purkynuvfond.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.purkynuvfond.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=369"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/www.purkynuvfond.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/pages\/369\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1733,"href":"https:\/\/www.purkynuvfond.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/pages\/369\/revisions\/1733"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.purkynuvfond.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/pages\/49"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.purkynuvfond.cz\/api\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=369"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}